Common Material Properties
Different materials have different thermal properties. You can use these thermal properties as factors to help model your thermal system. For your convenience, this page presents a list of common materials and their associated thermal properties. Follow the links below to view the material properties using your preferred measurement system.
Common Material Properties Using English Measurement System
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Common Material Properties at 70°F |
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| Material Name | Density Lb/ft3 |
Thermal Conductivity BTU/hr°F |
Specific Heat BTU/Lb-°F |
Thermal Expansion Coefficient x10-6 in/in/°F |
| Air | 0.074 | 0.015 | 0.24 | |
| Alumel | 537 | 17 | 0.13 | 6.7 |
| Alumina Ceramic-96% | 223 | 20.4 | 0.20 | 3.6 |
| Aluminum | 169 | 118 | 0.215 | 12.5 |
| Bakelite | 80 | 0.134 | 0.38 | 12.2 |
| Berylia Ceramic-99% | 180 | 133 | 0.26 | 3.3 |
| Bismuth Telluride | 470 | 0.87 | 0.13 | 7.2 |
| Brass | 530 | 64 | 0.820 | 10.0 |
| Bronze | 509 | 37 | 0.104 | 10.0 |
| Chromel | 525 | 7.8 | 0.11 | 7.3 |
| Concrete | 180 | 0.63 | 0.156 | 8.0 |
| Constantan | 524 | 13 | 0.098 | 9.4 |
| Copper | 559 | 223 | 0.092 | 9.3 |
| Earth (Course/Dry) | 128 | 0.3 | 0.44 | |
| Glass (Common) | 161 | 0.46 | 0.19 | 4.0 |
| Glass Wool | 12.5 | 0.023 | 0.16 | |
| Gold | 1206 | 179 | 0.03 | 7.9 |
| Graphite | 160 | 3.3 | 0.20 | 2.0 |
| Iron (Cast) | 450 | 48 | 0.11 | 5.8 |
| Kovar | 522 | 9.6 | 0.11 | 2.8 |
| Lead | 700 | 20 | 0.031 | 16.3 |
| Nickel | 556 | 52 | 0.107 | 6.6 |
| Oil (light) | 57 | 0.077 | 0.43 | |
| Plexiglass (Acrylic) | 88 | 0.15 | 0.346 | 41.0 |
| Polyurethane Foam | 1.8 | 0.02 | 0.27 | |
| Rubber | 60 | 0.09 | 0.48 | 40.0 |
| Saw Dust | 12 | 0.034 | ||
| Solder (Tin/Lead) | 580 | 28 | 0.04 | 13.4 |
| Stainless Steel | 500 | 8 | 0.11 | 9.5 |
| Steel (Low Carbon) | 490 | 28 | 0.11 | 6.4 |
| Thermal Grease | 150 | 0.5 | 0.50 | |
| Tin | 456 | 37 | 0.054 | 13.0 |
| Vermiculite (Loose) | 8.2 | 0.038 | ||
| Water (@70°F) | 62.4 | 0.35 | 1.000 | |
| Wood (Oak) | 38 | 0.085 | 0.57 | 2.7 |
| Wood (Pine) | 32 | 0.065 | 0.67 | 3.0 |
| Zinc | 446 | 65 | 0.091 | 18.0 |
Conversion Factors
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| Property | To Obtain | Multiply | By | |
| Density | gm/cm3 | Lb/ft3 | 0.01602 | |
| Thermal Conductivity | w/m- C w/cm2-°C/cm |
BTU/hr-ft-°F BTU/hr-ft-°F |
1.730 0.0173 |
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| Specific Heat | cal/gm-°C | BTU/lb-°F | 1.000 | |
| Thermal Expansion | cm/cm/°C | in/in/°F | 1.800 | |
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View Common Material Properties Using Metric Measurement System
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Material Properties at 21°C (Metric) |
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| Material Name | Density gm/cm3 |
Thermal Conductivity Watts/m-°C |
Specific Heat cal/gm-°C |
Thermal Expansion Coefficient x10-6 cm/cm/°C |
| Air | 0.0012 | 0.026 | 0.24 | |
| Alumel | 8.60 | 29.4 | 0.13 | 12.1 |
| Alumina Ceramic-96% | 3.57 | 35.3 | 0.20 | 6.5 |
| Aluminum | 2.71 | 204 | 0.215 | 22.5 |
| Bakelite | 1.28 | 0.23 | 0.38 | 22 |
| Berylia Ceramic-99% | 2.88 | 230 | 0.26 | 5.9 |
| Bismuth Telluride | 7.53 | 1.5 | 0.13 | 13 |
| Brass | 8.49 | 111 | 0.082 | 18 |
| Bronze | 8.15 | 64 | 0.104 | 18 |
| Chromel | 8.41 | 13.5 | 0.11 | 13.1 |
| Concrete | 2.88 | 1.09 | 0.156 | 14.4 |
| Constantan | 8.39 | 22.5 | 0.098 | 16.9 |
| Copper | 8.96 | 386 | 0.092 | 16.7 |
| Earth (Course/Dry) | 2.05 | 0.52 | 0.44 | |
| Glass (Common) | 2.58 | 0.8 | 0.19 | 7 |
| Glass Wool | 0.20 | 0.04 | 0.16 | |
| Gold | 19.32 | 310 | 0.03 | 14.2 |
| Graphite | 2.56 | 5.7 | 0.20 | 3.6 |
| Iron (Cast) | 7.21 | 83 | 0.11 | 10.4 |
| Kovar | 8.36 | 16.6 | 0.11 | 5 |
| Lead | 11.21 | 35 | 0.031 | 29.3 |
| Nickel | 8.91 | 90 | 0.107 | 11.9 |
| Oil (light) | 0.91 | 0.13 | 0.43 | |
| Plexiglass (Acrylic) | 1.41 | 0.26 | 0.35 | 74 |
| Polyurethane Foam | 0.029 | 0.035 | 0.27 | |
| Rubber | 0.96 | 0.16 | 0.48 | 72 |
| Saw Dust | 0.19 | 0.059 | ||
| Solder (Tin/Lead) | 9.29 | 48 | 0.04 | 24.1 |
| Stainless Steel | 8.01 | 13.8 | 0.11 | 17.1 |
| Steel (Low Carbon) | 7.85 | 48 | 0.11 | 11.5 |
| Thermal Grease | 2.40 | 0.87 | 0.50 | |
| Tin | 7.31 | 64 | 0.054 | 23.4 |
| Vermiculite (Loose) | 0.13 | 0.066 | ||
| Water (@70°F) | 1.00 | 0.61 | 1.00 | |
| Wood (Oak) | 0.61 | 0.15 | 0.57 | 4.9 |
| Wood (Pine) | 0.51 | 0.11 | 0.67 | 5.4 |
| Zinc | 7.15 | 112 | 0.09 | 32.4 |
Conversion Factors |
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| Property | To Obtain | Multiply | By | |
| Density | Lb/ft3 | gm/cm3 | 62.43 | |
| Thermal Conductivity | BTU/hr-ft-°F BTU/hr-ft-°F |
w/m-°C w/cm2-°C/cm |
0.578 57.80 |
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| Specific Heat | BTU/lb-°F | cal/gm-°C | 1.000 | |
| Thermal Expansion | in/in/°F | cm/cm/°C | 0.555 | |
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Do You Need More Information?
We offer more thermal solutions than the standard thermoelectric modules listed here. If you have questions, don't see the size that you need, or to place an order, contact your local Ferrotec thermal solutions representative.